Traditional Chinese Medicine Ingredients (TCMI)

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This monograph is intended to serve as a guide to industry for the preparation of Product Licence Applications (PLAs) and labels for natural health product market authorization. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of the medicinal ingredient.

Notes

• By submitting a PLA referencing this monograph, the applicant is attesting that the product will comply fully with the recommended conditions of use outlined in this monograph, including, the conditions found in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) referenced texts (those provided in the reference section below). The conditions of use include methods of preparations, source materials, doses, durations of use, combinations of medicinal ingredients, risk statements, and the theory of TCM.
• Text in parentheses is additional optional information which can be included on the PLA and product label at the applicant's discretion.
• The solidus (/) indicates that the terms and/or the statements are synonymous. Either term or statement may be selected by the applicant.

Date

June 9, 2015

Medicinal Ingredients

• Refer to Tables 1 and 2 in Appendix I for lists of acceptable medicinal ingredients.
• Refer to Table 3 in Appendix I for medicinal ingredients that are only allowable when prepared according to the specifications outlined in the Natural Health Product Ingredient Database (NHPID).
• Refer to Table 4 in Appendix I for medicinal ingredients excluded from this monograph.

Proper name(s) and Common name(s)

Refer to Appendix I for lists of acceptable proper name(s) and common name(s).

Source material(s)

As specified by referenced texts.

Brand name(s)

The brand name(s) must not be false or misleading or imply any specific use or purpose.

Route(s) of administration

• The route(s) of administration must be consistent with the routes of administration specified by referenced texts.
• Refer to Appendix II for examples of acceptable routes of administration.
• Acceptable routes of administration for Natural Health Products (NHPs) are specified in the NHPID.

Dosage form(s)

• Those pharmaceutical dosage forms suited to the allowable route(s) of administration.
• Refer to Appendix II for examples of acceptable dosage forms.

Use(s) or Purpose(s)

Statement(s) to the effect of

Single ingredient products and products whose combination of ingredients is identical to a base formula in the referenced text

Remedy/Product/Preparation based on the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Products whose combination of ingredients is not identical to a base formula in the referenced text

Combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ingredients.

Unacceptable Combinations

• Ingredients from Table 2 (Appendix I) may not be combined together unless combined according to a base formula from a referenced text.
• Ingredients from Table 2 (Appendix I) with diuretic and/or stimulant laxative properties may not be combined with the medicinal ingredient Gan cao (Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. inflata, G. uralensis) due to potential of electrolyte imbalance.
• Ingredients indicated as mutually incompatible or antagonistic in the referenced texts should not be combined.

Dose(s)

Statement(s) to the effect of

Subpopulation(s)

Adults (≥ 18 years)

Quantity(ies)

The quantity(ies) must be within the daily dosage range specified by referenced texts, considering additive effects between ingredients of similar actions or properties.

Method of preparation

• The method of preparation must be consistent with preparations and methods of processing used in the practice and outlined in a referenced text.
• When the reference dosage is for a powder, the ingredient may be present as a powder or the dose could be extrapolated for a hydroethanolic extract.
• When the reference dosage is for a decoction, the ingredient must be present as a decoction.
• Where the preparation method utilizes a solvent, the same solvent must be used.

Recommended conditions of use

Single ingredient products and products whose combination of ingredients is identical to a base formula in a referenced text

Where recommended conditions of use differ between referenced texts, it is the responsibility of the applicant to determine the most appropriate risk statements, directions and duration of use statements that should be included on the PLA form. Additional risk statements, directions and duration of use statements specified by referenced texts must also be included.

Products whose combination of ingredients is not identical to a base formula in a referenced text

When a product is not derived from a base formula from a referenced text, it is the responsibility of the applicant to determine, for each of the medicinal ingredients in the product, whether the risk statements, directions and duration of use statements indicated on the Natural and Non-Prescription Health Products Directorate (NNHPD) monographs and/or referenced texts should be included on the PLA form. Risk information from the various sources can be combined.

Duration of use

Statement(s) to the effect of

For prolonged use, consult a health care practitioner.

Risk information

Statement(s) to the effect of

Caution(s) and warning(s)

• If symptoms persist or worsen, or if new symptoms develop, discontinue use and consult a health care practitioner.
• If you are taking prescription medications, consult a health care practitioner prior to use.

Contraindication(s)

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, do not use this product.

Known adverse reaction(s)

As specified by referenced texts.

Non-medicinal ingredients

Must be chosen from the current Natural Health Products Ingredients Database (NHPID) and must meet the limitations outlined in the database.

Storage conditions

As specified by referenced texts.

Specifications

• The finished product specifications must be established in accordance with the requirements described in the NNHPD Quality of Natural Health Products Guide.
• The medicinal ingredient must comply with the requirements outlined in the Natural Health Products Ingredients Database (NHPID).

Referenced texts

• Bensky D, Clavey, Stöger E, Gamble A. Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica. 3^rd edition. Seattle (WA): Eastland Press, Incorporated; 2004.
• Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. Crampton L, editor. City of Industry (CA): Art of Medicine Press Inc.; 2004.
• Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese Herbal Formulas and Applications : pharmacological effects & clinical research. City of Industry, Calif: Art of Medicine Press; 2009.
• PPRC 2010: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Volume 1, English edition 2010. Beijing (CN): The State Pharmacopoeia Commission of the People's Republic of China.
• Scheid V, Bensky D, Ellis A, Barolet R. Chinese herbal medicine : formulas & strategies. 2^nd edition. Seattle (WA): Eastland Press; 2009.

Appendix 1

Table 1: General Medicinal Ingredients

Proper (species) Name	Common (pinyin) Name	Pharmacopoeial Name*
Table 1 Footnotes Table 1 Footnote 1 The Pharmacopoeial name is the ingredient name found in the NHPID. Return to Table 1 footnote * referrer Table 1 Footnote 2 Products providing more than 1 g of Piper longum are excluded from this monograph Return to Table 1 footnote ** referrer
Abrus cantoniensis	Ji gu cao	Herba Abri
Achyranthes bidentata	Niu xi	Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
Achyranthes aspera	Tu niu xi	Radix Achyranthes Longifolia
Achyranthes longifolia	Tu niu xi	Radix Achyranthes Longifolia
Actaea dahurica	Sheng ma	Rhizoma Cimicifugae
Actaea foetida	Sheng ma	Rhizoma Cimicifugae
Actaea heracleifolia	Sheng ma	Rhizoma Cimicifugae
Adenophora triphylla	Nan sha shen	Radix Adenophorae
Agastache rugosa	Tu huo xiang	Herba Agastaches
Agrimonia pilosa	Xian he cao	Herba Agrimoniae
Ailanthus altissima	Chun gen	Radix Ailanthi
Ailanthus altissima	Chun gen pi	Cortex Ailanthi
Akebia quinata	Mu tong	Caulis Akebiae
Akebia trifoliata	Mu tong	Caulis Akebiae
Albizia julibrissin	He huan pi	Cortex Albiziae
Albizia julibrissin	He huan hua	Flos Albiziae
Allium fistulosum	Cong bai	Bulbus Allii Fistulosi
Allium macrostemon	Xie bai	Bulbus Allii Macrostemonis
Allium tuberosum	Jiu cai zi	Semen Allii Tuberosi
Alpinia hainanensis	Cao dou kou	Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai
Alpinia oxyphylla	Yi zhi	Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae
Amomum compactum	Dou kou; Bai dou kou	Fructus Amomi Rotundus
Amomum krervanh	Dou kou; Bai dou kou	Fructus Amomi Rotundus
Amomum villosum	Sha ren	Fructus Amomi
Anadara broughtonii	Wa leng zi	Concha Arcae
Anadara sativa	Wa leng zi	Concha Arcae
Andrographis paniculata	Chuan xin lian	Herba Andrographis
Anemarrhena asphodeloides	Zhi mu	Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
Anemone altaica	Jiu jie chang pu	Rhizoma Anemones Altaicae
Anemone chinensis	Bai tou weng	Radix Pulsatillae
Angelica dahurica	Bai zhi	Radix Angelicae Dahuricae
Angelica pubescens	Du huo	Radix Angelicae Pubescentis
Angelica sinensis	Dang gui	Radix Angelicae Sinensis
Angelica sinensis	Dang gui wei	Extremitas Radicis Angelicae Sinensis
Apis mellifera	Feng jiao	Propolis
Apis mellifera	Feng mi	Mel
Apocynum venetum	Luo bu ma ye	Folium Apocyni Veneti
Archidoskodon planifrons	Long gu	Os Draconis
Arctium lappa	Niu bang zi	Fructus Arctii
Areca catechu	Bing lang	Semen Arecae
Areca catechu	Da fu pi	Pericarpium Arecae
Arisaema amurense	Dan nan xing	Arisaema cum Bile
Arisaema erubescens	Dan nan xing	Arisaema cum Bile
Arisaema heterophyllum	Dan nan xing	Arisaema cum Bile
Arisaema amurense	Tian nan xing	Rhizoma Arisaematis
Arisaema erubescens	Tian nan xing	Rhizoma Arisaematis
Arisaema heterophyllum	Tian nan xing	Rhizoma Arisaematis
Arnebia euchroma	Zi cao	Radix Arnebiae
Arnebia guttata	Zi cao	Radix Arnebiae
Artemisia annua	Qing hao	Herba Artemisiae Annuae
Artemisia anomala	Liu ji nu	Herba Artemisiae Anomalae
Artemisia argyi	Ai ye	Folium Artemisiae Argyi
Asparagus cochinchinensis	Tian dong; Tian men dong	Radix Asparagi
Aster tataricus	Zi wan	Radix Asteris
Astragalus membranaceus	Huang qi	Radix Astragali
Atractylodes lancea	Cang zhu	Rhizoma Atractylodis
Atractylodes macrocephala	Bai zhu	Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Bambusa beecheyana	Zhu ru	Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam
Bambusa breviflora	Zhu ru	Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam
Bambusa breviflora	Zhu li	Succus Bambusae
Bambusa textilis	Tian zhu huang	Concretio Silicea Bambusae
Bambusa tuldoides	Zhu ru	Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam
Benincasa hispida	Dong gua zi	Semen Benincasae
Bletilla striata	Bai ji	Rhizoma Bletillae
Bombyx mori	Can sha	Excrementum Bombycis
Bombyx mori	Jiang can	Batryticatus Bombyx
Borneolum Syntheticum	Bing pian	Borneolum Syntheticum
Boswellia sacra	Ru xiang	Olibanum
Broussonetia papyrifera	Chu shi zi	Fructus Broussonetiae
Brucea javanica	Ya dan zi	Fructus Bruceae
Bupleurum chinense	Chai hu	Radix Bupleuri
Bupleurum scorzonerifolium	Chai hu	Radix Bupleuri
Calcium fluoride	Zi shi ying	Fluoritum
Calvatia gigantea	Ma bo	Lasiosphaera Calvatia
Calvatia lilacina	Ma bo	Lasiosphaera Calvatia
Camellia sinensis	Lu cha	Folium Camellia Sinensis
Canarium album	Qing guo	Fructus Canarii
Carthamus tinctorius	Hong hua	Flos Carthami
Centella asiatica	Ji xue cao	Herba Centellae
Centipeda minima	E bu shi cao	Herba Centipedae
Cervocerus novorossiae	Long gu	Os Draconis
Cervus elaphus	Lu jiao jiao	Colla Cornu Cervi
Cervus nippon	Lu jiao jiao	Colla Cornu Cervi
Cervus elaphus	Lu jiao	Cornu Cervi
Cervus nippon	Lu jiao	Cornu Cervi
Cervus elaphus	Lu jiao shuang	Cornu Cervi Degelatinatium
Cervus nippon	Lu jiao shuang	Cornu Cervi Degelatinatium
ervus elaphus	Lu rong	Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum
Cervus nippon	Lu rong	Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum
Cervus punjabensis	Long gu	Os Draconis
Chaenomeles speciosa	Mu gua	Fructus Chaenomelis
Chinemys reevesii	Gui jia	Carapace et Plastrum Testudinis
Chinemys reevesii	Ban jiao gui	Colla Plastrum Testudinis
Choerospondias axillaris	Guang zao	Fructus Choerospondiatis
Chrysanthemum indicum	Ye ju hua	Flos Chrysanthemi Indici
Chrysanthemum x morifolium	Ju hua	Flos Chrysanthemi
Cibotium barometz	Gou ji	Rhizoma Cibotii
Cinnamomum aromaticum	Rou gui	Cortex Cinnamomi
Cinnamomum aromaticum	Gui zhi	Ramulus Cinnamomi
Cinnamomum camphora	Tian ran bing pian	Borneolum
Cistanche deserticola	Rou cong rong	Herba Cistanches
Cistanche salsa	Rou cong rong	Herba Cistanches
Cistanche tubulosa	Xin jiang rou cong rong	Caulis Cistanchae Tubulosi
Citrullus lanatus	Xi gua shuang	Mirabilitum Preparatum
Citrus aurantium	Zhi shi	Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
Citrus aurantium	Zhi qiao; Zhi ke	Fructus Aurantii
Citrus maxima	Hua ju hong	Exocarpium Citri Grandis
Citrus medica	Xiang yuan	Fructus Citri
Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis	Fo shou	Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis
Citrus reticulata	Ju he	Semen Citri Reticulatae
Citrus reticulata	Ju hong	Exocarpium Citri Rubrum
Citrus reticulata	Chen pi	Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Citrus reticulata	Qing pi	Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride
Citrus sinensis	Zhi shi	Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
Clematis chinensis	Wei ling xian	Radix and Rhizoma Clematidis
Cnidium monnieri	She chuang zi	Fructus Cnidii
Codonopsis pilosula	Dang shen	Radix Codonopsis
Codonopsis tangshen	Dang shen	Radix Codonopsis
Combretum indicum	Shi jun zi	Fructus Quisqualis
Commiphora myrrha	Mo yao	Myrrha
Coptis chinensis	Huang lian	Rhizoma Coptidis
Coptis deltoidea	Huang lian	Rhizoma Coptidis
Coptis teeta	Huang lian	Rhizoma Coptidis
Cordia dichotoma	Po bu zi ye	Folium Cordia Dichotoma
Cornus officinalis	Shan zhu yu	Fructus Corni
Corydalis turtschaninovii	Yan hu suo	Rhizoma Corydalis
Corydalis yanhusuo	Yan hu suo	Rhizoma Corydalis
Crassostrea gigas	Mu li	Concha Ostreae
Crataegus cuneata	Shan zha	Fructus Crataegi
Crataegus pinnatifida	Shan zha	Fructus Crataegi
Cristaria plicata	Zhen zhu	Margarita
Cristaria plicata	Zhen zhu mu	Concha Margaritiferae
Cryptotympana atrata	Chan tui	Periostracum Cicadae
Cryptotympana pustulata	Chan tui	Periostracum Cicadae
Cullen corylifolium	Bu gu zhi	Fructus Psoraleae
Curculigo orchioides	Xian mao	Rhizoma Curculiginis
Curcuma kwangsiensis	Yu jin	Radix Curcumae
Curcuma kwangsiensis	E zhu	Rhizoma Curcumae
Curcuma longa	Yu jin	Radix Curcumae
Curcuma longa	Jiang huang	Rhizoma Curcumae Longae
Curcuma phaeocaulis	Yu jin	Radix Curcumae
Curcuma phaeocaulis	E zhu	Rhizoma Curcumae
Curcuma wenyujin	Yu jin	Radix Curcumae
Curcuma wenyujin	E zhu	Rhizoma Curcumae
Cuscuta chinensis	Tu si zi	Semen Cuscutae
Cyathula officinalis	Chuan niu xi	Radix Cyathulae
Cynanchum glaucescens	Bai qian	Rhizoma et Radix Cynanchi Stauntonii
Cynomorium songaricum	Suo yang	Herba Cyomorii
Cyperus rotundus	Xiang fu	Rhizoma Cyperi
Daemonorops draco	Xue jie	Sanguis Draconis
Dalbergia odorifera	Jiang xiang	Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae
Dendrobium chrysotoxum	Shi hu	Caulis Dendrobii
Dendrobium fimbriatum	Shi hu	Caulis Dendrobii
Dendrobium loddigesii	Shi hu	Caulis Dendrobii
Dendrobium nobile	Shi hu	Caulis Dendrobii
Dendrobium officinale	Tie pi shi hu	Caulis Dendrobii Officinalis
Descurainia sophia	Ting li zi	Semen Descurainiae
Dichroa febrifuga	Chang shan	Radix Dichroae
Dictamnus dasycarpus	Bai xian pi	Cortex Dictamni
Dimocarpus longan	Long yan rou	Arillus Longan
Dioscorea collettii var. hypoglauca	Fen bi xie	Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae
Dioscorea futschauensis	Mian bi xie	Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae
Dioscorea oppositifolia	Shan yao	Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Dioscorea spongiosa	Mian bi xie	Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae
Diospyros kaki	Shi di	Calyx Kaki
Dipsacus asper	Xu duan	Radix Dipsaci
Dolomiaea souliei	Chuan mu xiang	Radix Vladimiriae
Drynaria fortunei	Gu sui bu	Rhizoma Drynariae
Dryobalanops aromatica	Tian ran bing pian	Borneolum
Ecklonia kurome	Kun bu; Hai dai	Thallus Laminariae Eckloniae
Eclipta prostrata	Mo han lian	Herba Eclipta
Eleutherococcus gracilistylus	Wu jia pi	Cortex Acanthopanacis
Eleutherococcus senticosus	Ci wu jia	Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi
Ephedra intermedia	Ma huang gen	Radix et Rhizoma Ephedrae
Epimedium brevicornu	Yin yang huo	Folium Epimedii
Epimedium koreanum	Yin yang huo	Folium Epimedii
Epimedium pubescens	Yin yang huo	Folium Epimedii
Epimedium sagittatum	Yin yang huo	Folium Epimedii
Equus asinus	E jiao	Colla Corii Asini
Eriobotrya japonica	Pi pa ye	Folium Eriobotryae
Erodium stephanianum	Lao guan cao	Herba Erodii Herba Geranii
Erythrina variegata	Hai tong pi	Cortex Erythrinae
Eucommia ulmoides	Du zhong	Cortex Eucommiae
Euonymus echinatus	Da ding huang	Caulis Euonymi
Eupolyphaga sinensis	Tu bie chong	Eupolyphaga
Euryale ferox	Qian shi	Semen Euryales
Flemingia philippinensis	Qian jin ba	Radix Flemingiae Philippinensis
Flueggea virosa	Bai fan shu gen	Radix Securinega Virosa
Foeniculum vulgare	Xiao hui xiang	Fructus Foeniculi
Forsythia suspensa	Lian qiao	Fructus Forsythiae
Fraxinus chinensis	Qin pi	Cortex Fraxini
Fraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla	Qin pi	Cortex Fraxini
Fraxinus stylosa	Qin pi	Cortex Fraxini
Fraxinus szaboana	Qin pi	Cortex Fraxini
Fritillaria cirrhosa	Chuan bei mu	Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
Fritillaria delavayi	Chuan bei mu	Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
Fritillaria przewalskii	Chuan bei mu	Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
Fritillaria thunbergii	Zhe bei mu	Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii
Fritillaria unibracteata	Chuan bei mu	Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
Gallus gallus domesticus	Ji nei jin	Endothelium Corneum Galli Gigerii
Ganoderma lucidum	Ling zhi	Ganoderma
Ganoderma sinense	Ling zhi	Ganoderma
Gardenia jasminoides	Zhi zi	Fructus Gardeniae
Gastrodia elata	Tian ma	Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Gekko gecko	Ge jie	Gecko
Gentiana manshurica	Long dan	Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae
Gentiana scabra	Long dan	Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae
Gentiana triflora	Long dan	Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae
Gentiana rigescens	Long dan	Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae
Gentiana macrophylla	Qin jiao	Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae
Geranium carolinianum	Lao guan cao	Herba Erodii Herba Geranii
Geranium wilfordii	Lao guan cao	Herba Erodii Herba Geranii
Ginkgo biloba	Yin xing ye	Folium Ginkgo
Gleditsia sinensis	Da zao jiao	Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis
Gleditsia sinensis	Zao jiao ci	Spina Gleditsiae
Glehnia littoralis	Bei sha shen	Radix Glehniae
Glycine max	Dan dou chi	Semen Sojae Preparatum
Glycine max	Da dou huang juan	Semen Sojae Germinatum
Glycine max	Hei dou	Semen Sojae Nigrum
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Gan cao	Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhiza
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Zhi gan cao	Radix Glycyrrhiza Preparata
Glycyrrhiza inflata	Gan cao	Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhiza
Glycyrrhiza inflata	Zhi gan cao	Radix Glycyrrhiza Preparata
Glycyrrhiza uralensis	Gan cao	Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhiza
Glycyrrhiza uralensis	Zhi gan cao	Radix Glycyrrhiza Preparata
Gynostemma pentaphyllum	Jiao gu lan	Rhizoma seu Herba Gynostemmatis
Gypsum Fibrosum	Shi gao	Gypsum Fibrosum
Haliotis asinina	Shi jue ming	Concha Haliotidis
Haliotis discus hannai	Shi jue ming	Concha Haliotidis
Haliotis diversicolor	Shi jue ming	Concha Haliotidis
Haliotis ovina	Shi jue ming	Concha Haliotidis
Haliotis ruber	Shi jue ming	Concha Haliotidis
Hansenia forbesii	Qiang huo	Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii
Hansenia weberbaueriana	Qiang huo	Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii
Helminthostachys zeylanica	Dao di wu gong	Rhizoma Heliminthostachytis
Hierodula patellifera	Sang piao xiao	Oötheca mantidis
Hippophae rhamnoides	Sha ji	Fructus Hippophae
Hirudo nipponica	Shui zhi	Hirudo
Homalomena occulta	Qian nian jian	Rhizoma Homalomenae
Hordeum vulgare	Mai ya	Fructus Hordei Germinatus
Hordeum vulgare	Yi tang	Maltosum
Houttuynia cordata	Yu xing cao	Herba Houttuyniae
Huperzia serrata	Jin bu huan	Herba Lycopodii Serrati
Hypericum perforatum	Guan ye lian qiao	Herba HypericI Perforati
Hyptis capitata	Mo gu xiao	Caulis Hyptis Capitatae
Hyriopsis cumingii	Zhen zhu	Margarita
Hyriopsis cumingii	Zhen zhu mu	Concha Margaritiferae
Ilex pubescens	Mao dong qing	Radix Illicis Pubescentis
Illicium verum	Ba jiao hui xiang	Fructus Anisi Stellati
Imperata cylindrica	Bai mao gen	Rhizoma Imperatae
Inula britannica	Xuan fu hua	Flos Inulae
Iris domestica	She gan	Rhizoma Belamcandae
Isatis tinctoria	Da qing ye	Folium Isatidis
Isatis tinctoria	Ban lan gen	Radix Isatidis
Isatis tinctoria	Qing dai	Indigo Naturalis
Isodon rubescens	Dong ling cao	Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis
Jasminum sambac	Mo li hua	Flos Jasmini Sambac
Juglans regia	He tao ren; Hu tao ren	Semen Juglandis
Justicia procumbens	Shu wei huang	Herba Rostellulariae
Lablab purpureus	Bai bian dou	Semen Lablab Album
Laminaria japonica	Kun bu; Hai dai	Thallus Laminariae Eckloniae
Lasiosphaera fenzlii	Ma bo	Lasiosphaera Calvatia
Leonurus japonicus	Chong wei zi	Fructus Leonuri
Leonurus japonicus	Yi mu cao	Herba Leonuri
Lepidium apetalum	Ting li zi	Semen Lepidii
Leucas mollissima var. chinensis	Hu yao huang	Herba Leucas Mollissimae
Ligusticum sinense cv. chuanxiong	Chuan xiong	Rhizoma Chuanxiong
Ligusticum sinense var. sinense	Gao ben	Rhizoma et Radix Ligustici
Ligusticum sinense	Gao ben	Rhizoma et Radix Ligustici
Ligusticum jeholense	Gao ben	Rhizoma et Radix Ligustici
Ligustrum lucidum	Nu zhen zi	Fructus Ligustri Lucidi
Lilium brownii	Bai he	Bulbus Lilii
Lilium brownii var. viridulum	Bai he	Bulbus Lilii
Lilium lancifolium	Bai he	Bulbus Lilii
Lilium pumilum	Bai he	Bulbus Lilii
Lindera aggregata	Wu yao	Radix Linderae
Lindernia anagallis	Ding jing cao	Herba Linderniae
Linum usitatissimum	Ya ma zi	Semen Lini
Liquidambar formosana	Lu lu tong	Fructus Liquidambaris
Litchi chinensis	Li zhi he	Semen Litchi
Lonicera japonica	Jin yin hua	Flos Lonicerae Japonicae
Lonicera japonica	Ren dong teng	Caulis Lonicerae Japonicae
Lophatherum gracile	Dan zhu ye	Herba Lophatheri
Ludwigia prostrata	Shui ding xiang	Herba Ludwigiae Prostratae
Luffa aegyptiaca	Si gua luo	Retinervus Luffae Fructus
Lycium barbarum	Di gu pi	Cortex Lycii
Lycium barbarum	Gou qi zi	Fructus Lycii
Lycium chinense	Di gu pi	Cortex Lycii
Lycopodium japonicum	Shen jin cao	Herba Lycopodii
Lycopus lucidus var. hirtus	Ze lan	Herba Lycopi
Maclura cochinchinensis	Huang jin gui	Caulis Vanieriae
Magnolia biondii	Xin yi	Flos Magnoliae
Magnolia denudata	Xin yi	Flos Magnoliae
Magnolia officinalis	Hou po	Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
Magnolia sprengeri	Xin yi	Flos Magnoliae
Melaphis chinensis	Wu bei zi	Galla Chinensis
Melia azedarach	Ku lian zi	Fructus Meliae
Melia toosendan	Chuan lian zi	Fructus Toosendan
Mentha canadensis	Bo he	Herba Menthae Haplocalycis
Mentha canadensis	Bo he su you (Essential Oil)	Oleum Menthae Dementholatum
l-Menthol	Bo he nao	Mentholum
Mimosa pudica	Han xiu cao gen	Radix Mimosae Pudicae
Morinda officinalis	Ba ji tian	Radix Morindae Officinalis
Morus alba	Sang bai pi	Cortex Mori
Morus alba	Sang ye	Folium Mori
Morus alba	Sang shen zi	Fructus Mori
Morus alba	Sang zhi	Ramulus Mori
Mosla chinensis	Xiang ru	Herba Moslae
Myristica fragrans	Rou dou kou	Semen Myristicae
Myosoton aquaticum	Cha chi huang	Herba Stellariae Aquaticae
Nandina domestica	Tian zhu zi	Fructus Nandinae Domesticae
Nelumbo nucifera	He ye	Folium Nelumbinis
Nelumbo nucifera	Ou jie	Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis
Nelumbo nucifera	Lian zi	Semen Nelumbinus
Nelumbo nucifera	Lian xu	Stamen Nelumbinis
Nelumbo nucifera	Lian zi xin	Plumula Nelumbinis
Nelumbo nucifera	Lian fang	Receptaculum Nelumbinis
Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora	Hu huang lian	Rhizoma Picrorhizae
Nepeta tenuifolia	Jing jie	Herba Schizonepetae
Ocimum basilicum	Jiu ceng ta	Herba Ocimi Basilic
Ocimum gratissimum	Dingxiang Luoleyou	Ocimum Gratissimum Essential Oil
Oldenlandia diffusa	Bai hua she she cao	Herba Hedyotis Diffusae
Ophiocordyceps sinensis	Dong chong xia cao	Cordyceps (wild)
Ophiopogon japonicus	Mai dong; Mai men dong	Radix Ophiopogonis
Oroxylum indicum	Mu hu die	Semen Oroxyli
Oryza sativa	Dao ya	Fructus Oryzae Germinatus
Oryza sativa	Geng mi	Semen Oryzae
Paecilomyces hepiali	Fa xiao chong cao jun fen	Cordyceps (cultured)
Paeonia anomala subsp. veitchii	Chi shao	Radix Paeoniae Rubra
Paeonia lactiflora	Chi shao	Radix Paeoniae Rubra
Paeonia lactiflora	Bai shao	Radix Paeoniae Alba
Paeonia suffruticosa	Mu dan pi	Cortex Moutan
Palaeoloxodon nomadicus	Long gu	Os Draconis
Panax ginseng	Ren shen	Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng
Panax notoginseng	San qi	Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng
Panax quinquefolius	Xi yang shen	Radix Panacis Quinquefolii
Parapolybia varia	Feng fang	Nidus Vespae
Paris polyphylla	Chong lou	Rhizoma Paridis
Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis	Zao xiu	Rhizoma Paridis
Paris polyphylla var. chinensis	Zao xiu	Rhizoma Paridis
Patrinia scabiosifolia	Bai jiang cao	Herba cum Radice Patriniae
Pelodiscus sinensis	Bie jia	Carapax Trionycis
Pelodiscus sinensis	Bie jia jiao	Colla Carapax Trionycis
Perilla frutescens	Zi su geng	Caulis Perillae
Perilla frutescens	Zi su ye	Folium Perillae
Perilla frutescens	Zi su zi	Fructus Perillae
Persicaria tinctoria	Qing dai	Indigo Naturalis
Peucedanum praeruptorum	Qian hu	Radix Peucedani
Phellodendron amurense	Guan huang bo	Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis
Phellodendron chinense	Huang bo	Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis
Pheretima aspergillum	Di long	Pheretima
Pheretima guillelmi	Di long	Pheretima
Pheretima pectinifera	Di long	Pheretima
Pheretima vulgaris	Di long	Pheretima
Phragmites australis	Lu gen	Rhizoma Phragmitis
Phyla nodiflora	Ya she huang	Herba Lippiae
Physalis angulata	Pao zai cao	Herba Physalis Angulatae
Phyllolobium chinense	Sha yuan zi	Semen Astragali Complanati
Phyllostachys nigra	Zhu ru	Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam
Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis	Zhu li	Succus Bambusae
Phyllostachys nigra var nigra	Zhu ye	Herba Phyllostachys
Pinellia ternata	Fa ban xia; Zhi ban xia	Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum
Pinellia ternata	Qing ban xia	Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum cum Alumine
Pinellia ternata	Jiang ban xia	Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum cum Zingibere et Alumina
Piper longum**	Bi bo	Fructus Piperis Longui
Plantago asiatica	Che qian cao	Herba Plantaginis
Plantago depressa	Che qian cao	Herba Plantaginis
Plantago asiatica	Che qian zi	Semen Plantaginis
Plantago depressa	Che qian zi	Semen Plantaginis
Platycladus orientalis	Ce bai ye	Cacumen Platycladi
Platycladus orientalis	Bai zi ren	Semen Platycladi
Platycodon grandiflorus	Jie geng	Radix Platycodonis
Pleione bulbocodioides	Shan ci gu	Pseudobulbus Cremastrae Pleione
Pleione yunnanensis	Shan ci gu	Pseudobulbus Cremastrae Pleione
Pogostemon cablin	Guang huo xiang	Herba Pogostemon
Pogostemon cablin	Guang huo xiang you	Oleum Pogostemonis
Polistes jokahamae	Feng fang	Nidus Vespae
Polistes olivaceus	Feng fang	Nidus Vespae
Polygala tenuifolia	Yuan zhi	Radix Polygalae
Polygonatum cirrhifolium	Huang jing	Rhizoma Polygonati
Polygonatum cyrtonema	Huang jing	Rhizoma Polygonati
Polygonatum kingianum	Huang jing	Rhizoma Polygonati
Polygonatum odoratum	Yu zhu	Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati
Polygonatum sibiricum	Huang jing	Rhizoma Polygonati
Portulaca oleracea	Ma chi xian	Herba Portulacae
Prunella vulgaris	Xia ku cao	Spica Prunellae
Prunus mume	Wu mei	Fructus Mume
Pseudostellaria heterophylla	Tai zi shen	Radix Pseudostellariae
Pteria martensii	Zhen zhu	Margarita
Pteria martensii	Zhen zhu mu	Concha Margaritiferae
Pteris multifida	Feng wei cao	Herba Pteris
Ptyas dhumnades	Wu shao she	Zaocys
Pueraria montana var. lobata	Ge hua	Flos Puerariae
Pyrola callientha	Lu xian cao; Lu han cao	Herba Pyrolae
Pyrola decorata	Lu xian cao	Herba Pyrolae
Pyrola rotundifolia	Lu xian cao	Herba Pyrolae
Pyrrosia lingua	Shi wei	Folium Pyrrosiae
Pyrrosia petiolosa	Shi wei	Folium Pyrrosiae
Pyrrosia sheareri	Shi wei	Folium Pyrrosiae
Ranunclus ternatus	Mao zhao cao	Radix Ranunculi Ternati
Raphanus sativus	Lai fu zi	Semen Raphani
Rehmannia glutinosa	Sheng di huang	Radix Rehmanniae
Rehmannia glutinosa	Shu di huang	Radix Rehmanniae Preparata
Reynoutria japonica	Hu zhang	Rhizoma et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati
Reynoutria multiflora	He shou wu	Radix Polygoni Multiflori (non preparata)
Reynoutria multiflora	Zhi he shou wu	Radix Polygoni Multiflorum Praeparata
Reynoutria multiflora	Shou wu teng	Caulis Polygoni Multiflori
Rhaponticum uniflorum	Lou lu	Radix Rhapontici
Rhodiola crenulata	Hong jing tian	Radix et Rhizoma Rhodiolae Crenulatae
Rhus chinensis	Wu bei zi	Galla Chinensis
Rhus potaninii	Wu bei zi	Galla Chinensis
Rhus punjabensis var. sinica	Wu bei zi	Galla Chinensis
Rosa laevigata	Jin ying zi	Fructus Rosae Laevigatae
Rubia cordifolia	Qian cao	Radix Rubiae
Rubus chingii	Fu pen zi	Fructus Rubi
Salvia chinensis	Shi jian chuan	Herba Salviae Chinensis
Salvia miltiorrhiza	Dan shen	Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae
Sambucus chinensis	Mo gu xiao	Caulis Hyptis Capitatae
Sanguisorba officinalis	Di yu	Radix Sanguisorbae
Santalum album	Tan xiang	Lignum Santali Albi
Saposhnikovia divaricata	Fang feng	Radix Saposhnikoviae
Sarcandra glabra	Zhong jie feng	Herba Sarcandrae
Sargassum fusiforme	Hai zao	Sargassum
Sargassum pallidum	Hai zao	Sargassum
Sargentodoxa cuneata	Da xue teng	Caulis Sargentodoxae
Saussurea costus	Mu xiang	Radix Aucklandiae
Scaphium affine	Pang da hai	Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae
Schefflera arboricola	Qi ye lian	Radix Schefflerae
Schefflera leucantha	Qi ye lian	Radix Schefflerae
Schisandra sphenanthera	Nan wu wei zi	Fructus Schisandrae Sphenanthera
Schisandra chinensis	Wu wei zi	Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis
Schizostachyum chinense	Tian zhu huang	Concretio Silicea Bambusae
Scrophularia ningpoensis	Xuan shen	Radix Scrophulariae
Scutellaria baicalensis	Huang qin	Radix Scutellariae
Scutellaria barbata	Ban zhi lian	Herba Scutellariae Barbatae
Selaginella pulvinata	Juan bai	Herba Selaginellae
Selaginella tamariscina	Juan bai	Herba Selaginellae
Senegalia catechu	Er cha	Catechu
Sepia esculenta	Hai piao xiao	Endoconcha Sepiae
Sepiella inermis	Hai piao xiao	Endoconcha Sepiae
Sesamum indicum	Ma you	Oleum Sesami
Sesamum indicum	Hei zhi ma	Semen Sesami Nigrum
Setaria italica	Gu ya	Fructus Setariae Germinatus
Siegesbeckia glabrescens	Xi xian cao	Herba Siegesbeckiae
Siegesbeckia orientalis	Xi xian cao	Herba Siegesbeckiae
Siegesbeckia pubescens	Xi xian cao	Herba Siegesbeckiae
Silybum marianum	Shui fei ji	Fructus Silybi
Sinapis alba	Jie zi	Semen Sinapis
Sinocrassula indica	Shi lian zi	Herba Sinocrassulae Indicae
Siraitia grosvenorii	Luo han guo	Fructus Momordicae
Smilax glabra	Tu fu ling	Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae
Sodium Sulfate	Xiuan ming fen	Natrii Sulfas Exsiccatus
Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate	Mang xiao	Natrii Sulfas
Solanum nigrum	Long kui	Herba Solani Nigri
Solidago decurrens	Ye zhi huang hua	Herba Solidaginis
Sophora flavescens	Ku shen	Radix Sophorae Flavescentis
Sparganium eurycarpum	San leng	Rhizoma Sparganii
Spatholobus suberectus	Ji xue teng	Caulis Spatholobi
Spirodela polyrhiza	Fu ping	Herba Spirodelae
Statilia maculata	Sang piao xiao	Oötheca mantidis
Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata	Yin chai hu	Radix Stellariae
Stemona japonica	Bai bu	Radix Stemonae
Strobilanthes cusia	Qing dai	Indigo Naturalis
Styphnolobium japonicum	Huai jiao	Fructus Sophorae
Styphnolobium japonicum	Huai hua	Flos Sophorae
Styrax tonkinensis	An xi xiang	Benzoinum
Succinum	Hu po	Succinum
Syzygium aromaticum	Ding xiang	Flos Caryophylli
Talcum	Hua shi	Talcum
Taraxacum mongolicum	Pu gong ying	Herba Taraxaci
Taraxacum sinicum	Pu gong ying	Herba Taraxaci
Taxillus chinensis	Sang ji sheng	Herba Taxilli
Taxillus sutchuenensis	Sang ji sheng	Herba Taxilli
Tegillarca granosa	Wa leng zi	Concha Arcae
Tenodera sinensis	Sang piao xiao	Oötheca mantidis
Terminalia chebula	He zi	Fructus Chebulae
Tetradium ruticarpum	Wu zhu yu	Fructus Euodiae
Tinospora sagittata	Jin guo lan	Radix Tinosporae
Tinospora sinensis	Kuan jin teng	Caulis Tinosporae Sinenis
Trametes versicolor	Yun zhi	Coriolus
Tribulus terrestris	Ji li	Fructus Tribuli
Trichosanthes kirilowii	Gua lou; Gua lou shi	Fructus Trichosanthis
Trichosanthes rosthornii	Gua lou; Gua lou shi	Fructus Trichosanthis
Trichosanthes kirilowii	Gua lou zi ; Gua lou ren	Semen Trichosanthis
Trichosanthes rosthornii	Gua lou zi ; Gua lou ren	Semen Trichosanthis
Trichosanthes kirilowii	Gua lou pi	Pericarpium Trichosanthis
Trichosanthes rosthornii	Gua lou pi	Pericarpium Trichosanthis
Trichosanthes kirilowii	Tian hua fen;Gua lou gen	Radix Trichosanthis
Trichosanthes rosthornii	Tian hua fen; Gua lou gen	Radix Trichosanthis
Trigonella foenum-graecum	Hu lu ba	Semen Trigonellae
Triticum aestivum	Fu xiao mai	Semen Tritici Aestivi Levis
Triticum aestivum	Xiao mai	Fructus Tritici
Trogopterus xanthipes	Wu ling zhi	Excrementum Trogopteri seu Pteromi
Typha angustifolia	Pu huang	Pollen Typhae
Typha orientalis	Pu huang	Pollen Typhae
Uncaria gambir	Er cha	Catechu
Uncaria rhynchophylla	Gou teng	Ramulus cum Uncis Uncariae
Vaccaria hispanica subsp. hispanica	Wang bu liu xing	Semen Vaccariae
Valeriana officinalis	Xie cao	Radix et Rhizoma Valerianae
Verbena officinalis	Ma bian cao	Herba Verbenae
Vigna radiata var. radiata	Lu dou	Semen Phaseoli Radiati
Vincetoxicum atratum	Bai wei	Radix et Rhizoma Cynanchi Atrati
Vincetoxicum pycnostelma	Xu chang qing	Radix et Rhizoma Cynanchi Paniculati
Vincetoxicum stauntonii	Bai qian	Rhizoma et Radix Cynanchi Stauntonii
Vincetoxicum versicolor	Bai wei	Radix et Rhizoma Cynanchi Atrati
Viola philippica var. philippica	Zi hua di ding	Herba Violae
Vitex rotundifolia	Man jing zi	Fructus Viticis
Vitex trifolia	Man jing zi	Fructus Viticis
Whitmania acranulata	Shui zhi	Hirudo
Whitmania pigra	Shui zhi	Hirudo
Wikstroemia indica	Pu yin	Radix seu Rhizoma Wikstroemiae
Wolfiporia extensa	Fu ling pi	Cutis Poriae
Wolfiporia extensa	Fu shen	Sclerotium Pararadicus Poriae
Zanthoxylum bungeanum	Hua jiao	Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
Zanthoxylum nitidum	Liang mian zhen	Radix Zanthoxyli
Zanthoxylum schinifolium	Hua jiao	Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
Zea mays	Yu mi xu	Stigma Maydis
Zingiber officinale	Gan jiang	Rhizoma Zingiberis
Zingiber officinale	Pao jiang	Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparatum
Zingiber officinale	Sheng jiang	Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Zingiber officinale	Sheng jiang pi	Pericarpium Zingiberis Recens
Ziziphus jujuba	Da zao	Fructus Jujubae
Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa	Suan zao ren	Semen Ziziphi Spinosae

Table 2: Medicinal Ingredients with diuretic or stimulant laxative properties

Proper (species) Name	Common (pinyin) Name	Pharmacopoeial Name*
Ingredients with diuretic properties
Table 1 Footnotes Table 2 Footnote 1 The Pharmacopoeial name is the ingredient name found in the NHPID. Return to Table 1 footnote * referrer
Alisma plantago-aquatica subsp. orientale	Ze xie	Rhizoma Alismatis
Artemisia capillaris	Yin chen	Herba Artemisiae Scopariae
Artemisia scoparia	Yin chen	Herba Artemisiae Scopariae
Bassia scoparia	Di fu zi	Fructus Kochiae
Benincasa hispida	Dong gua pi	Exocarpium Benincasae
Clematis armandii	Chuan mu tong	Caulis Clematidis Armandii
Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen	Yi yi ren	Semen Coicis
Dianthus superbus	Qu mai	Herba Dianthi
Desmodium styracifolium	Guang jin qian cao	Herba Desmodii Styracifolii
Juncus effusus	Deng xin cao	Medulla Junci
Lygodium japonicum	Hai jin sha	Herba Lygodii
Lysimachia christinae	Jin qian cao	Herba Lysmachiae
Plantago asiatica	Che qian zi	Semen Plantaginis
Polygonum aviculare	Bian xu	Herba Polygoni Avicularis
Polyporus umbellatus	Zhu ling	Polyporus
Stephania tetrandra	Fang ji	Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae
Tetrapanax papyrifer	Tong cao	Medulla Tetrapanacis
Vigna angularis	Chi xiao dou	Semen Phaseoli
Vigna umbellata	Chi xiao dou	Semen Phaseoli
Wolfiporia extensa	Fu ling	Poria
Wolfiporia extensa	Chi fu ling	Poria Rubra
Ingredients with stimulant laxative properties
Aloe ferox	Lu hui	Aloe
Aloe vera	Lu hui	Aloe
Rheum officinale	Da huang	Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Rheum palmatum	Da huang	Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Rheum tanguticum	Da huang	Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
Senna obtusifolia	Jue ming zi	Semen Cassiae
Senna alexandrina	Fan xie ye	Folium Sennae
Senna tora	Jue ming zi	Semen Cassiae

Table 3: Medicinal Ingredients that are only allowable when prepared according to the specifications outlined in the NHPID for each ingredient

Proper (species) Name	Common (pinyin) Name	Pharmacopoeial Name*
Table 3 Footnotes Table 3 Footnote 1 The Pharmacopoeial name is the ingredient name found in the NHPID. Return to Table 3 footnote * referrer
Aconitum carmichaelii	Zhi chuan wu	Radix Aconiti Preparata
Aconitum kusnezoffii	Zhi chuan wu	Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii
Acorus calamus	Zang chang pu	Rhizoma Acori Calami
Acorus gramineus	Shi chang pu	Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii
Artemisia annua	Shen qu	Massa Medicata Fermentata
Persicaria hydropiper
Prunus armeniaca
Triticum aestivum
Vigna umbellata
Xanthium sibiricum
Buthus martensii	Quan xie	Scorpio
Cannabis sativa	Huo ma ren	Semen Cannabis
Cremastra appendiculata	Shan ci gu	Pseudobulbus Cremastrae Pleione
Ephedra equisetina	Ma huang	Herba Ephedrae
Ephedra intermedia
Ephedra sinica
Ginkgo biloba	Bai guo	Semen Ginkgo
Lithospermum erythrorhizon	Zi cao gen	Radix Lithospermi
Massa Medicata Fermentata (Guangdong Shenqu)	Massa Medicata Fermentata (Guangdong Shenqu)	Massa Medicata Fermentata (Guangdong Shenqu)
Menispermum dauricum	Bei dou gen	Rhizoma Menispermi
Monascus purpurea-fermented Oryza sativa	Hong qu	Red Yeast Rice
Prunus armeniaca var. ansu	Ku xing ren	Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Prunus armeniaca
Prunus sibirica
Prunus humilis	Yu li ren	Semen Pruni
Prunus japonica
Prunus pedunculata
Prunus davidiana	Tao ren	Semen Persicae
Prunus persica
Pueraria montana var. lobata	Ge gen	Radix Puerariae Lobatae
Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans	Wu gong	Scolopendra
Tussilago farfara	Kuan dong hua	Flos Farfarae
Typhonium giganteum	Bai fu zi	Rhizoma Typhonii
Xanthium sibiricum	Cang er zi	Fructus Xanthii

Table 4: The following medicinal ingredients have been evaluated and are excluded from this monograph due to safety concerns. Note that this list is not all-inclusive.

Proper (species) Name	Common (pinyin) Name	Pharmacopoeial Name*
Table 4 Footnotes Table 4 Footnote 1 The Pharmacopoeial name is the ingredient name found in the NHPID. Return to Table 4 footnote * referrer
Aconitum carmichaelii	Chuan wu	Radix Aconiti
Aristolochia contorta	Ma dou ling	Fructus Aristolochiae
Aristolochia debilis
Aristolochia contorta	Tian xian teng	Herba Aristolochiae
Aristolochia debilis
Aristolochia contorta	Qing mu xiang	Radix Aristolochiae
Aristolochia debilis
Aristolochia fangchi	Guang fang ji	Radix Aristolochiae Fangchi
Aristolochia kaempferi	Da ye ma dou ling	Caulis Aristolochiae Kaempferi
Aristolochia manshuriensis	Guan mu tong	Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis
Aristolochia mollissima	Xun gu feng	Herba Aristolochiae Mollissimae
Aristolochia moupinensis	Huai tong ma dou ling	Caulis Aristolochiae Moupinensis
Arsenic sulfide	Xiong huang	Realgar
Aluminum potassium sulfate	Bai fan	Alumen
Croton tiglium	Ba dou	Fructus Crotoni
Deinagkistrodon acutus	Qi she	Agkistrodon
Dryopteris crassirhizoma	Mian ma guan zhong	Rhizoma Dryopteridis
Lead tetroxide	Qian dan	Minium
Melia azedarach	Ku lian pi	Cortex Meliae
Mercurous chloride	Qing fen	Calomelas
Mercuric sulphide	Zhu sha	Cinnabaris
Sophora tonkinensis	Shan dou gen	Radix et Rhizoma Sophorae Tonkinensis
Sophora flavescens

Appendix II: Examples of appropriate routes of administration and dosage forms

Examples of acceptable routes of administration:

• Oral route of administration for tinctures, dried plant material, decoctions, expressed juices, etc.
• Buccal route of administration for rinse or gargle preparations
• Topical route of administration for creams, ointments, essential oils, expressed juices, etc.

Examples of acceptable dosage forms:

• Products that are tinctures can be supported by referenced texts that provide information on fluidextracts (ethanolic); spirit-based preparations (e.g.: plant material mixed with wine; plant material mixed with whisky); ethanolic tinctures (with known extract ratio); dried powdered extracts (with known Quantity crude equivalent (QCE)).
• Products that are ointments, liniments, creams, etc. can be supported by referenced texts that provide information on dried plant material or powdered extracts (with known QCE).
• Buccal gargle or rinse preparations can be supported by referenced texts that provide information on dried plant material, powdered extracts, and ethanolic-based preparations (with known QCE).
• Essential oils and resins can be supported by referenced texts that provide information on the specific essential oils or resins (drops).