AMERICAN GINSENG - PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUS

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This monograph is intended to serve as a guide to industry for the preparation of Product Licence Applications (PLAs) and labels for natural health product market authorization. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of the medicinal ingredient.

Notes

Date

January 27, 2023

Proper name(s), Common name(s), Source information

Table 1. Proper name(s), Common name(s), Source information
Proper name(s) Common name(s) Source information
Source material(s) Part(s) Preparation
Panax quinquefolius
  • American ginseng
  • Occidental ginseng
  • Sang
  • Shang
  • Xi yang shen
Panax quinquefolius Root Dry

References: Proper name: USDA 2018; Common names: USDA 2018, McGuffin et al. 2000; Source information: PPRC 2010, Lust 1974, Wren 1956.

Route of Administration

Oral

Dosage Form(s)

This monograph excludes foods or food-like dosage forms as indicated in the Compendium of Monographs Guidance Document.

Acceptable dosage forms for oral use are indicated in the dosage form drop-down list of the web-based Product Licence Application form for Compendial applications.

Use(s) or Purpose(s)

  • Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for deficiency of qi and yin , internal heat, cough, bloody phlegm, fire in the deficiency syndrome, dysphoria and tiredness, dry and thirsty mouth and throat (PPRC 2010).
  • Used in Herbal Medicine as supportive therapy for the promotion of healthy glucose levels (PPRC 2010; Dascalu et al. 2007; Vuksan et al. 2000a; Vuksan et al. 2000b; Vuksan et al. 2000c).
  • (Traditionally) used in Herbal Medicine to help relieve restlessness and/or nervousness (nervine/calmative) (Bartram 1998; Ellingwood 1998).
  • Traditionally used in Herbal Medicine to help relieve nervous dyspepsia/to help digestion in cases of nervousness and/or stress (Bartram 1998; Felter and Lloyd 1983; Wren 1956).
  • Used in Herbal Medicine as an adaptogen to help maintain a healthy immune system (Upton 2012; Godfrey et al. 2010; Assinewe 2001; Bartram 1998).
  • Used in Herbal Medicine as an adaptogen to help increase energy and resistance to stress (e.g. in case of mental and physical fatigue related to stress) (Upton 2012; Winston and Maimes 2007).

Note Claims for traditional use must include the term "Herbal Medicine", "Traditional Chinese Medicine", or "Ayurveda".

Dose(s)

Subpopulation(s)

Adults 18 years and older

Quantity(ies)

Glucose levels; Restlessness/Nervousness

Methods of preparation: Dry, Powder, Non-Standardized Extracts (Dry extract, Tincture, Fluid extract, Decoction, Infusion)

0.5 - 12 grams dried root, per day (Bartram 1998; Felter and Lloyd 1983; Wren 1956).

Adaptogen - energy and resistance to stress; Adaptogen - immune system

Methods of preparation: Dry, Powder, Non-Standardized Ethanolic Extracts (Dry extract, Tincture, Fluid extract)

1 - 3 grams dried root, per day (Upton 2012; Winston and Maimes 2007).

Adaptogen - energy and resistance to stress

Methods of preparation: Non-Standardized Aqueous Extracts (Dry extract, Decoction, Infusion)

6 - 9 grams dried root, per day; Not to exceed 3 grams per single dose (Winston and Maimes 2007).

TCM

Methods of preparation: Decoction, Decoction concentrate

2.4 - 9 grams dried root, per day (PPRC 2010; Bensky and Gamble 1993).

Direction(s) for use

No statement required.

Duration(s) of Use

No statement required.

Risk Information

Caution(s) and warning(s)

  • Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician prior to use if you are taking blood thinners or digoxin (Brinker 2010; Elmer et al. 2007; Dasgupta et al. 2005; Yuan et al. 2004).
  • Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician prior to use if you have diabetes (Brinker 2010; Dascalu et al. 2007; Vuksan et al. 2000a; Vuksan et al. 2000b; Vuksan et al. 2000c).

Contraindication(s)

No statement required.

Known adverse reaction(s)

No statement required.

Non-medicinal ingredients

Must be chosen from the current Natural Health Products Ingredients Database (NHPID) and must meet the limitations outlined in the database.

Storage conditions

Must be established in accordance with the requirements described in the Natural Health Products Regulations (NHPR)

Specifications

  • The finished product specifications must be established in accordance with the requirements described in the Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate (NNHPD) Quality of Natural Health Products Guide.
  • The medicinal ingredient must comply with the requirements outlined in the NHPID.

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  • USDA 2018: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) [Online database]. 2005. Panax quinquefolius. Beltsville (MD): National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. [Accessed 2018 June 15]. Available from: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl
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  • Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, Wong E, Beljan-Zdravkovic U, Francis T, Jenkins AL, Leiter LA, Josse RG, Xu Z. American ginseng improves glycemia in individuals with normal glucose tolerance: effect of dose and time escalation. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2000c;19(6):738-744.
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