Monograph: Echinacea purpurea
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Date:
2018-12-18
NHPID name
Echinacea purpurea ( Germplasm Resources Information Network Taxonomy )Proper name(s)
Echinacea purpurea ( USDA 2012 )Common name(s)
- Eastern purple-coneflower ( Unavailable )
- Echinacea ( Blumenthal et al. 2000 , McGuffin et al. 1997 )
- Purple coneflower ( McGuffin et al. 2000 )
Source material
- Herb top (Barnes et al. 2007, ESCOP 2003)
- Herb top and root (Barnes et al. 2007, ESCOP 2003)
- Root (Barnes et al. 2007, ESCOP 2003)
Route Of administration
OralDosage form(s)
- The acceptable pharmaceutical dosage forms include, but are not limited to chewables (e.g. gummies, tablets), caplets, capsules, strips, lozenges, powders or liquids where the dose is measured in drops, teaspoons or tablespoons.
- This monograph is not intended to include foods or food-like dosage forms such as bars, chewing gums or beverages.
Use(s) or purpose(s)
Statement(s) to the effect of:
- (Traditionally) used in Herbal Medicine to help fight off infections, especially of the upper respiratory tract. (Hoffmann 2003, Mills and Bone 2000, Grieve 1971[1931], Remington and woods 1918)
- Traditionally used in Herbal Medicine to help relieve cold symptoms. (Moerman 1998, Grieve 1971[1931], Remington and woods 1918)
- Traditionally used in Herbal Medicine to help relieve symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections.
- Supportive therapy in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (e.g. common colds). (Goel et al. 2004, Schulten et al. 2001, Brinkeborn et al. 1999, Hoheisel et al. 1997, Braunig et al. 1992)
- Traditionally used in Herbal Medicine to help relieve symptoms of colds and upper respiratory tract infections.
- Helps to relieve the symptoms and shorten the duration of upper respiratory tract infections. (Goel et al. 2004, Schulten et al. 2001, Brinkeborn et al. 1999, Hoheisel et al. 1997, Braunig et al. 1992)
Dose(s)
Adults:
Dose(s):
1 Day per day
Directions for use:
Take at the first sign of infection.
- Adults includes pregnant and breastfeeding women.
- Children and adolescent doses were calculated as a proportion of the adult dose (JC 2012).
- See Appendix 1 for examples of appropriate dosage preparations and frequencies of use, according to cited references. The purpose of Appendix 1 is to provide guidance to industry.
- The following references support adult doses: (i) herb tops - Mills and Bone 2000, (ii) juice from herb tops - Schulten et al. 2001; Hoheisel et al. 1997, (iii) root - Mills and Bone 2000; Braunig et al. 1992, and (iv) both herb tops and root - Mills and Bone 2000.
- The use of Echinacea purpurea in children is supported by the following references: McIntyre 2005; Bove 2001; Schilcher 1997
Duration of use
Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician for use beyond 8 weeks. (ESCOP 2003, Blumenthal et al. 2000)Risk information
Statement(s) to the effect of:
Caution(s) and Warning(s):- Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician if symptoms persist or worsen.
- Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/ physician prior to use if you are taking medications to suppress the immune system (immunosuppressive medications).
- Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/ physician prior to use if you have a progressive systemic disease such as tuberculosis, collagenosis, multiple sclerosis, AIDS and/or HIV infection or an auto-immune disorder.
Non-medicinal ingredients
Must be chosen from the current Natural health products ingredients database and must meet the limitations outlined in the database.Specifications
- The finished product specifications must be established in accordance with the requirements described in the NHPD Quality of natural health products guide.
- The medicinal ingredient must comply with the requirements outlined in the Natural health products ingredient database (NHPID).
- The medicinal ingredient may comply with the specifications outlined in the following pharmacopoeial monographs: 'Purple Coneflower Herb' and 'Purple Coneflower Root' of the European (Ph.Eur) Pharmacopoeia as well as 'Echinacea purpurea Aerial Parts', 'Echincea purpurea Root', 'Powdered Echinacea purpurea' and 'Powdered Echinacea purpurea Extract' of the United States (USP) Pharmacopoeia.
- The medicinal ingredient must comply with the requirements outlined in the Natural Health Products Ingredients Database (NHPID).
References cited
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USDA 2012: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) [Internet]. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. Beltsville (MD): National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Available from: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl [Last updated 2012 March 08; Accessed 2013 January 30].
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Appendix 1: Examples of appropriate dosage preparations, frequencies of use and directions for use (for adults only)
Aerial parts:
Dried aerial parts:
2.5 - 6 g, per day (Mills and Bone 2000)
Pressed juice:
- 5 ml, 2 times per day (22% alcohol) (Schulten et al. 2001)
- 1.3 ml (20 drops), per dose (22% alcohol) (Hoheisel et al. 1997)
- Directions for use: Take each dose in a half glass of water every two hours for the first day, followed by three times per day until symptoms disappear [not to exceed 10 ml, per day] (Hoheisel et al. 1997)
Root:
Dried root:
1.5 - 4.5 g, per day (Mills and Bone 2000)
Tincture:
- 1.5 - 4.5 g dried equivalent, per day (1:2, 3 - 9 ml) (Mills and Bone 2000)
- 1.5 - 4.5 g dried equivalent, per day (1:5, 7.5-22.5 ml) (Mills and Bone 2000)
- 0.9g dried equivalent, per day (1:5, 55% ethanol) (Braunig et al. 1992)
Preparations containing aerial parts and root:
Fluid extract:
3 - 5.5 g dried equivalent, per day (1:1, 3 - 5.5 ml) (Mills and Bone 2000)