Monograph: Horseradish

Date: 2018-12-18

NHPID name

Armoracia rusticana ( Germplasm Resources Information Network Taxonomy )

Proper name(s)

Armoracia rusticana ( USDA 2008 )

Common name(s)

Horseradish ( McGuffin et al. 2000 , Felter and Lloyd 1983[1898] )

Source material

Root ( Barnes et al. 2007 , Blumenthal et al. 2000 , Grieve 1971[1931] , Wren 1907 )

Route Of administration

Oral

Dosage form(s)

Those suited to the allowable route(s) of administration. This monograph is not intended to include food-like dosage forms such as bars, chewing gums or beverages.

Use(s) or purpose(s)

Statement(s) to the effect of:

• Traditionally used in Herbal Medicine to aid digestion.  (Barnes et al. 2007, Blumenthal et al. 2000, Moerman 1998, Meyer 1993, Felter and Lloyd 1983[1898], Wren 1907)
• Traditionally used in Herbal Medicine as a diuretic.  (Barnes et al. 2007, Blumenthal et al. 2000, Moerman 1998, Mills 1985, Felter and Lloyd 1983[1898], Grieve 1971[1931], Wren 1907)

Dose(s)

Adults:

See Appendix 1 for examples of appropriate dosage preparations and frequencies of use, according to cited references. The purpose of Appendix 1 is to provide guidance to industry.

Duration of use

Diuretic: For occasional use only.  (Berardi et al. 2002, CPhA 2002)

Risk information

Statement(s) to the effect of:

Caution(s) and Warning(s):

• Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/ physician if symptoms persist or worsen.  (Brinker 2001)
• Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/ physician prior to use if you are breastfeeding, have hypothyroidism, excess stomach acid or gastroesophageal reflux.  (Barnes et al. 2007, Brinker 2001, Mills 1985)
• Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/ physician prior to use if you are taking thyroid replacement medications or antacids.  (Barnes et al. 2007, Blumenthal et al. 2000)

Contraindication(s): Do not use this product if you are pregnant, have a kidney disorder, stomach or intestinal ulcers, or stomach inflammation.  (Brinker 2001) Known Adverse Reaction(s): No statement is required

Non-medicinal ingredients

Must be chosen from the current Natural health products ingredients database and must meet the limitations outlined in the database.

Specifications

• The finished product specifications must be established in accordance with the requirements described in the NHPD Quality of natural health products guide.
• The medicinal ingredient must comply with the requirements outlined in the Natural health products ingredient database (NHPID).

References cited

• Barnes J, Anderson LA, Philipson JD. 2007. Herbal Medicines, 3rd edition. London (GB): Pharmaceutical Press.
• Berardi RR, DeSimone EM, Newton GD, Oszko MA, Popovich NG, Rollins CJ, Shimp LA, Tietze KJ, editors. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs: An Interactive Approach to Self-Care, 13th edition. Washington (DC): American Pharmaceutical Association; 2002.
• Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J, editors. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Boston (MA): Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000.
• Brinker F. 2001. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 3rd edition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications.
• Brinker F. Online Updates and Additions to Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 3rd edition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 2007. [Accessed 2007-11-21]. Available from: http://www.eclecticherb.com/emp/updatesHCDI.html
• CPA 2002: Canadian Pharmacists Association. Patient Self-Care. Helping Patients Make Therapeutic Choices. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Pharmacists Association; 2002.
• Felter HW, Lloyd JU. King's American Dispensatory, Volume 1, 18th edition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 1983 [Reprint of 1898 original].
• Grieve M. 1971. A Modern Herbal, Volume 1. New York (NY): Dover Publications [Reprint of 1931 Harcourt, Brace & Company publication].
• McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, editors. 1997. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press.
• McGuffin M, Kartesz JT, Leung AY, Tucker AO, editors. 2000. Herbs of Commerce, 2nd edition. Austin(TX): American Herbal Products Association.
• Meyer JE. The Herbalist. Glenwood (IL): Meyerbooks; 1993.
• Mills S. The Dictionary of Modern Herbalsim. Wellingborough (UK): Thorsons Publishers Ltd; 1985.
• Moerman DE . 1998. Native American Ethnobotany. Portland (OR): Timber Press.
• USDA 2008: ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville (MD). [Accessed 2008-01-21]. Available at http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl
• Wren RC. 1907. Potter's Cyclopedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. London (GB): Potter and Clark.

References reviewed

• Hoffmann D. 2003. Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Rochester (VT): Healing Arts Press.
• Mills S, Bone K. 2000. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. Toronto (ON): Churchill Livingstone.
• Williamson EM, Evans FJ, Wren RC. Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. Saffron Walden (GB): C.W. Daniel Company Limited; 1988.
• Williamson EM. Potter's Herbal Cyclopaedia: The Authoritative Reference work on Plants with a Known Medical Use. Saffron Walden (UK): The C.W. Daniel Company Limited; 2003.

Appendix 1: Examples of appropriate dosage preparations, frequencies of use and directions for use

Fresh root:

2-4 g, 3 times per day (Mills 1985)

Direction for use:

Take before meals (Mills 1985).

Fresh or dried root:

20 g, per day (Blumenthal et al. 2000)

Infusion:

2 g root, several times per day (Blumenthal et al. 2000)

Direction for use:

Pour 150 ml of boiling water over root and infuse for 5 minutes (Blumenthal et al. 2000).

Tincture:

2-4 g dried equivalent, per day (Grieve 1971 [1931]; Wren 1907)

Syrup:

2 g root, per day (Blumenthal et al. 2000)

Direction for use:

Prepare a concentrated infusion by steeping root in 150 ml of boiled water in a covered cup for two hours. Strain and add an equal amount of sugar (150 g) to liquid (150 ml) to thicken (Blumenthal et al. 2000).