Maitake - Grifola Frondosa

Date

December 18, 2018

Proper name(s), Common name(s), Source material(s)

References: Proper name: Bisby et al. 2018, CABI 2018; Common name: Hobbs 2003, derMarderosian and Beutler 2002, McGuffin et al. 2000; Source materials: Hobbs 2003, Wasser 2002, McGuffin et al. 1997.

Route of Administration

Oral

Dosage Form(s)

This monograph excludes foods or food-like dosage forms as indicated in the Compendium of Monographs Guidance Document.

Acceptable dosage forms for the age category listed in this monograph and specified route of administration are indicated in the Compendium of Monographs Guidance Document.

Use(s) or Purpose(s)

• Used in Herbal Medicine to support the immune system (Godfrey et al. 2010; Hobbs 2003; Hoffmann 2003; derMarderosian and Beutler 2002).
• Source of fungal polysaccharides with immunomodulating properties (Hobbs 2003; Wasser 2002)

Dose(s)

Subpopulation(s)

Adults 18 years and older

Quantity(ies)

Source of polysaccharides

Methods of preparation: Dry, Powder, Non-Standardized Extract (Dry extract, Tincture, Fluid extract, Decoction, Infusion)

Not to exceed 7 grams of dried Maitake, per day (Godfrey et al. 2010; Hobbs 2003; derMarderosian and Beutler 2002).

Methods of preparation: Standardized Extract (Dry extract, Tincture, Fluid extract, Decoction, Infusion)

Not to exceed 7 grams of dried Maitake, per day and 40 % polysaccharides (Godfrey et al. 2010; Hobbs 2003; derMarderosian and Beutler 2002).

Immune support

Methods of preparation: Dry, Powder, Non-Standardized Ethanolic Extracts (Dry extract, Tincture, Fluid extract)

1.6 - 7 grams of dried Maitake, per day (Godfrey et al. 2010; Hobbs 2003; derMarderosian and Beutler 2002).

Methods of preparation: Standardized Ethanolic Extracts (Dry extract, Tincture, Fluid extract)

1.6 - 7 grams of dried Maitake, per day and not to exceed 40 % polysaccharides (Godfrey et al. 2010; Hobbs 2003; derMarderosian and Beutler 2002).

Method of preparation: Decoction

3 - 7 grams of dried Maitake, per day (Hobbs 2003).

Method of preparation: Decoction standardised

3 - 7 grams of dried Maitake, per day and not to exceed 40 % polysaccharides (Hobbs 2003).

Note

For standardized extracts, as evidence mainly supports the quantity crude equivalent of Maitake, both the quantity crude equivalent and the maximum concentration of the potency constituent must be met.

Direction(s) for use

No statement required.

Duration(s) of Use

No statement required.

Risk Information

Caution(s) and warning(s)

Products providing 150 mg or more of dried Maitake, per day, prepared as dry, powder, dry ethanolic extract, tincture or fluid extract; and/or Products providing 300 mg or more of dried Maitake, per day, prepared as decoction

Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician prior to use if you have diabetes (Brinker 2010; Konno 2003, 2001).

Contraindication(s)

No statement required.

Known adverse reaction(s)

No statement required.

Non-medicinal ingredients

Must be chosen from the current Natural Health Products Ingredients Database (NHPID) and must meet the limitations outlined in the database.

Storage conditions

No statement required.

Specifications

• The finished product specifications must be established in accordance with the requirements described in the Natural and Non-Prescription Health Products Directorate (NNHPD) Quality of Natural Health Products Guide.
• The medicinal ingredient must comply with the requirements outlined in the NHPID.

References Cited

• Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, Baillargeon G, Ouvrard D, editors. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2018 September 24 [Internet]. Reading (GB): Species 2017. [Accessed 2018 September 28]. Available from: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/b1f40b9f9d006d032e1554e496f869c3
• Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 4^th edition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 2010.
• CABI 2018: Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International. Index Fungorum [Internet]. Wallingford (GB): CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International). [Accessed 2018 September 28]. Available from: http://www.speciesfungorum.org./Names/GSDSpecies.asp?RecordID=362177
• derMarderosian A, Beutler JA, editors. 2002. The Review of Natural Products. 3^rd edition. St Louis (MO), Facts and Comparisons.
• Godfrey A, Saunders PR with Barlow K, Gilbert C, Gowan M, Smith F. Principles and Practices of Naturopathic Botanical Medicine. Volume 1: Botanical Medicine Monographs. Toronto (ON): CCNM Press; 2010.
• Hobbs C. Medicinal Mushrooms: An Exploration of Tradition, Healing, & Culture. Summertown (TN): Book Publishing Company; 2003.
• Hoffmann D. Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Rochester (VT): Healing Arts Press; 2003.
• Kodama N, Komuta K, Nanba H. Effect of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) D-Fraction on the activation of NK cells in cancer patients. Journal of Medicinal Food 2003;6(4):371-377.
• Konno S. A mushroom extract for syndrome X and type II diabetes. Natural Pharmacy 2003;7(5):16-17.
• Konno S, Tortorelis DG, Fullerton SA, Samadi AA, Hettiarachchi J, Tazaki H. Diabetic Medicine 2001;18:1007-1010.
• McGuffin M, Kartesz JT, Leung AY, Tucker AO, editors. Herbs of Commerce. 2^nd edition. Silver Spring (MD): American Herbal Products Association; 2000.
• McGuffin M, Hobbs K, Upton R, Goldberg A. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton (FL): American Herbal Products Association; 1997.
• Wasser SP. Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2002;60:258-274.

References Reviewed

• Adachi Y, Ohno N, Yadomae T. Activation of murine kupffer cells by administration with gelforming (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan from Grifola frondosa. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1998;21(3):278-283.
• Adachi Y, Okazaki M, Ohno N, Yadomae T. Enhancement of cytokine production by macrophages stimulated with (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, grifolan (GRN), isolated from Grifola frondosa. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1994;17(12):1554-1560.
• Albers R, Antoine JM, Bourdet-Sicard R, Calder PC, Gleeson M, Lesourd B, Samartín S, Sanderson IR, Van Loo J, Vas Dias FW, Watzl B. Markers to measure immunomodulation in human nutrition intervention studies. British Journal of Nutrition 2005;94(3):452-481.
• Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckman J, editors. Herbal Medicine; Expanded Commission E Monographs. 1^st edition. Newton (MA): Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000.
• Brinker F. Herbal Contraindications and Drug Interactions: Plus Herbal Adjuncts With Medicines, expanded 4^th Edition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 2010.
• Chen JT, Tominaga K, Sato Y, Anzai H, Matsuoka R. Maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa) extract induces ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a possible monotherapy and a combination therapy after failure with first-line clomiphene citrate. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2010;16(12):1295-1299.
• Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. Crampton L, editor. City of Industry (CA): Art of Medicine Press Inc; 2001.
• Deng G, Lin H, Seidman A, Fornier M, D'Andrea G, Wesa K, Yeung S, Cunningham-Rundles S, Vickers AJ, Cassileth B. A phase I/II trial of a polysaccharide extract from Grifola frondosa (Maitake mushroom) in breast cancer patients: immunological effects. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 2009;135(9):1215-1221.
• Duke JA, Godwin MJB, duCellier J, Duke PAK. Hand Book of Medicinal Herbs. 2^nd ed. CRC Press LLC; 2002.
• Evance WC. Trease and Evance; Pharmacognosy. Toronto (ON): Elsevier Limited; 2009.
• Facciola S. Cornucopia II; A Source Book of Edible Plants. Vista (CA): Kampong Publications; 1998.
• Hanselin MR, Vande Griend JP, Linnebur SA. INR elevation with maitake extract in combination with warfarin. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2010;44(1):223-224.
• Hobbs C. Medicinal Mushrooms; an Explanation of Tradition, Healing, & Culture. Williams (OR): Botanica Press; 1986.
• Hoffmann D. Medical Herbalism. Rochester (VT): Healing Arts Press; 2003.
• Hong L, Xun M, Wutong W. Anti-diabetic effect of an alpha-glucan from fruit body of maitake (Grifola frondosa) on KK-Ay mice. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2007;59(4):575-582.
• Horio H, Ohtsuru M. Maitake (Grifola frondosa) improve glucose tolerance of experimental diabetic rats. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo) 2001;47(1):57-63.
• Huang KC. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. 2^nd edition. Boca Raton (NY): CRC Press; 1999.
• Inoue A, Kodama N, Nanba H. Effect of maitake (Grifola frondosa) D-fraction on the control of the T lymph node Th-1/Th-2 proportion. Biological and pharmaceutical bulletin 2002;25(4):536540.
• Ishibashi K, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Yadomae T. Relationship between solubility of grifolan, a fungal 1,3-beta-D-glucan, and production of tumor necrosis factor by macrophages in vitro. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 2001;65(9):1993-2000.
• Kabir Y, Kimura S. Dietary mushrooms reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo) 1989;35(1):91-94.
• Kabir Y, Yamaguchi M, Kimura S. Effect of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) and maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushrooms on blood pressure and plasma lipids of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo) 1987;33(5):341-346.
• Kodama N, Komuta K, Nanba H. Can maitake MD-fraction aid cancer patients? Alternative Medicine Review 2002;7(3):236-239.
• Konno S. A mushroom extract for syndrome X and type II diabetes. Natural Pharmacy 2003;7(5)16-17.
• Konno S, Tortorelis DG, Fullerton SA, Samadi AA, Hettiarachchi J, Tazaki H. Diabetic Medicine 2001;18:1007-1010.
• Kubo K, Aoki H, Nanba H. Anti-diabetic activity present in the fruit body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). I. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1994;17(8):1106-1110.
• Manohar V, Talpur NA, Echard BW, Lieberman S, Preuss HG. Effects of a water-soluble extract of maitake mushroom on circulating glucose/insulin concentrations in KK mice. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism 2002;4(1):43-48.
• Mills S, Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine. Toronto (ON): Churchill Livingstone; 2000.
• Nanba H. Immunotherapy for cancer with polysaccharide of Maitake mushroom; abstracts of the 6^th cachexia conference, Milan, Italy. Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2011;2:209-261.
• Okazaki M, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Yadomae T. Structure-activity relationship of (1?3)-betaDglucans in the induction of cytokine production from macrophages, in vitro. Biological and pharmaceutical bulletin 1995;18(10):1320-1327.
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• Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2010. Volume I. Beijing (PRC): Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission; 2010.
• Preuss HG, Echard B, Bagchi D, Perricone NV, Zhuang C. Enhanced insulin-hypoglycemic activity in rats consuming a specific glycoprotein extracted from maitake mushroom. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 2007;306(1-2):105-113.
• The Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 14^th edition, English version (2001). Tokyo: Society of Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
• Zhuang C, Kawagishi H, Preuss HG. Glycoprotein with antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effects from Grifola frondosa and a method for preparing same. Patent CA 2455655C, US 7214778, US 20050014683