Monograph: Quercetin

Date: 2019-06-03

NHPID name

Quercetin ( O'Neil et al. 2012 )

Proper name(s)

• 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one ( Ph.Eur. 2013 , ChemID 2012 , Merck 2012 , Martindale 2011 )
• 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one ( PubChem 2004 )
• 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone ( ChemID 2012 , Merck 2012 , Martindale 2011 )

Common name(s)

• Quercetin ( ChemID 2012 , Merck 2012 )
• Quercetin anhydrous ( Unavailable )

Source material

• Citrus bioflavonoids (Unavailable)
• Quercetin (Merck 2012, Martindale 2011)
• Quercetin dihydrate (Ph.Eur. 2013, BP 2012, Egert et al. 2012, Merck 2012, Egert et al. 2008, Utesch et al. 2008)

Route Of administration

Oral

Dosage form(s)

The acceptable pharmaceutical dosage forms include, but are not limited to capsules, chewables (e.g. gummies, tablets), liquids, powders, strips or tablets. This monograph is not intended to include foods or food-like dosage forms such as bars, chewing gums or beverages.

Use(s) or purpose(s)

Statement(s) to the effect of:

• Source of/Provides antioxidants.  (Merck 2012, Martindale 2011, Murray and Bongiorno 2006, Harborne et al. 1999)
• Used in Herbal Medicine as a capillary/blood vessel protectant.  (Merck 2012, Martindale 2011, PDR 2008, Murray and Bongiorno 2006, Harborne et al. 1999)

Dose(s)

Adults:

Duration of use

For products providing  40 - 1200 Milligrams per day : Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician for use beyond 12 weeks.  (NS 2012, Harwood et al. 2007, Boyle et al. 2000)

Risk information

Statement(s) to the effect of:

Caution(s) and Warning(s): For products providing 40 - 1200 Milligrams per day: Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician prior to use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Contraindication(s): No statement is required Known Adverse Reaction(s): No statement is required

Non-medicinal ingredients

Must be chosen from the current Natural health products ingredients database and must meet the limitations outlined in the database.

Storage conditions

Store in a light-resistant container (Ph.Eur. 2013).

Specifications

• The finished product specifications must be established in accordance with the requirements described in the NHPD Quality of natural health products guide.
• The medicinal ingredient must comply with the requirements outlined in the Natural health products ingredient database (NHPID).
• The medicinal ingredient must comply with the requirements outlined in the Natural Health Products Ingredients Database (NHPID). In addition, the medicinal ingredient may comply with the quality specifications outlined in the Quercetin dihydrate monograph in the British and European Pharmcopoeias.

References cited

• Boots AW, Haenen GR, Bast A. Health effects of quercetin: from antioxidant to nutraceutical. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008;582(2-3):325-37.
• Boots AW, Li H, Schins RP, Duffin R, Heemskerk JW, Bast A, Haenen GR. The quercetin paradox. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2007;222(1):89-96.
• Boyle SP, Dobson VL, Duthie SJ, Hinselwood DC, Kyle JAM, Collins AR. Bioavailability and efficiency of rutin as an antioxidant: a human supplementation study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000;54(10):774-784.
• BP 2012: British Pharmacopoeia 2012. Volume I. London (GB): The Stationary Office on behalf of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA); 2012.
• ChemID 2012: ChemIDplus advanced [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): United States National Library of Medicine; 2011. [Quercetin: CAS # 117-39-5; Accessed 2012 May 02]. Available from: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus
• Duke 1992: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Plants containing quercetin, 1992 [Internet]. [Accessed 2012 November 26]. Available from: http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke
• Duke JA. Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2001.
• Egert S, Wolffram S, Bosy-Westphal A, Boesch-Saadatmandi C, Wagner AE, Frank J, Rimbach G, Mueller MJ. Daily quercetin supplementation dose-dependently increases plasma quercetin concentrations in healthy humans. The Journal of Nutrition 2008;138,1615-1621.
• Egert S, Wolffram S, Schulze B, Langguth P, Hubbermann EM, Schwarz K, Adolphi B, Bosy-Westphal A, Rimbach G, Müller MJ. Enriched cereal bars are more effective in increasing plasma quercetin compared with quercetin from powder-filled hard capsules. The British Journal of Nutrition 2012;107(4):539-546.
• Erlund I, Marniemi J, Hakala P, Alfthan G, Meririnne E, Aro A. Consumption of black currants, lingonberries and bilberries increases serum quercetin concentrations. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003;57(1):37-42.
• Hakkinen SH, Kärenlampi SO, Heinonen IM, Mykkänen HM, Törrönen AR. Content of the flavonols quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol in 25 edible berries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1999;47(6):2274-2279.
• Harborne JB, Baxter H, Moss GP, editors. Phytochemical Dictionary: A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. 2nd edition. Philadelphia (PA): Taylor & Francis Ltd; 1999.
• Harwood M, Danielewska-Nikiel B, Borzelleca JF, Flamm GW, Williams GM, Lines TC. A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2007;45(11):2179-2205.
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• Lamson DW, Brignall MS. Antioxidants and cancer, part 3: quercetin. Alternative Medicine Review 2000;5(3):196-208.
• Martindale 2011: Sweetman SC, editor. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [Internet]. London (GB): Pharmaceutical Press; 2012. [Quercetin: CAS: 117-39-5, latest modification: 05-Dec-2011; Accessed 2012 May 11]. Available from: http://www.medicinescomplete.com
• Merck 2012: The Merck Index Version 14.1. [Internet]. Whitehouse Station (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc. Copyright © 2006, 2012 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. [Accessed 2012 November 23]. Available from: http://www.knovel.com
• Murray MT, Bongiorno PB. Flavonoids—Quercetin, Citrus Flavonoids, and Hydroxyethylrutosides. In: Pizzorno JE, Murray MT, editors. Textbook of Natural Medicine, Third edition, volume 1. St. Louis (MI): Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2006. p. 967-973.
• NS 2012: Natural Standard. Quercetin. Copyright 2012 [Internet]. [Accessed 2012 May 07]. Available from: http://www.naturalstandard.com
• PDR 2008: Hendler SS, Rorvik D. PDR for Nutritional Supplements. Second edition. Montvale (NJ): Thomson Healthcare; 2008.
• Ph.Eur. 2013: European Pharmacopoeia. 7th edition. Strasbourg (FR): Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare of the Council of Europe (EDQM); 2012.
• PubChem 2004: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database; CID 5280343 Create Date: 2004-09-16 [Internet]. [Accessed 2012 May 24]. Available from: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
• Utesch D, Feige K, Dasenbrock J, Broschard TH, Harwood M, Danielewska-Nikiel B, Lines TC. Evaluation of the potential in vivo genotoxicity of quercetin. Mutation Research 2008;654(1):38-44.
• Wang L, Lee IM, Zhang SM, Blumberg JB, Buring JE, Sesso HD. Dietary intake of selected flavonols, flavones, and flavonoid-rich foods and risk of cancer in middle-aged and older women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Mar;89(3):905-12. Epub 2009 Jan 21.

References reviewed

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